Effect of the fruit position on the cluster on fruit quality, carotenoids, phenolics and sugars in cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

10 páginas.-- 7 figuras.-- 4 tablas.-- 44 referenciasCherry tomato varieties are widely consumed in many countries. They contain nutrients and health-promoting compounds like phenolics and carotenoids. The main purpose of this study was to determine how the fruit position on the cluster affected quality parameters of diverse nature (weight, soluble solids, firmness, colour, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and sugars). For this purpose the fourth cluster of two cherry varieties (Summerbrix and Lazarino) were studied. The results indicated that the fruit position on the cluster decreased the fruit size between 14 and 16% and weight 40%; firmness in ʽLazarinoʼ increased 56%; C*ab increased 12% in ʽLazarinoʼ and decreased 13% in ʽSummerbrixʼ; hab increased 9% in ʽSummerbrixʼ. Total carotenoid levels were not statistically different in two positions, and in the other position the contents were higher, with a difference of 36% between these two values. The highest total phenolic levels were observed in the PII position. However, total sugars increased 36%, fructose 36% and glucose 35% from the PI to PIII position in ʽLazarinoʼ, while, in ʽSummerbrixʼ higher values were observed in the PIII position.AJMM acknowledges funding from the Spanish State Secretariat of Research, Development and Innovation (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, project ref. AGL2012-37610, co-funded by FEDER Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional). ECC, DH, AMBG, CMS and AJMM thank the Ibero-American Programme for Science, Technology and Development (CYTED, http://www.cyted.org/) for the funding of the IBERCAROT network (http://carotenoides.us.es/, ref. 112RT0445). AJMM acknowledges funding from the Carotenoid Network: from microbial and plants to food and health (CaRed), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BIO2015-71703-REDT).Peer reviewe

Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on quality parameters, carotenoids and phenolics of diverse tomato varieties (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

12 páginas.-- 5 figuras.-- 3 tablas.-- referenciasThis study aims to evaluate the effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and of cluster position (CI: first and second cluster; CII: third and fourth cluster; CIII: fifth and sixth cluster) on fruit quality parameters, carotenoids and phenolics in tomatoes. Three common (‘Tigerella’, ‘Palamós’ and ‘Byelsa’) and two cherry varieties (‘Lazarino’ and ‘Summerbrix’) were studied. The results showed that the regulated deficit irrigation with reduction of 40 and 50% in the leaf water potential in common and cherry tomatoes did not affect greatly the organoleptic quality of common tomatoes and ʽSummerbrixʼ, while cherry varieties were significantly affected with the cluster position. In most case, significant changes in the levels of carotenoids were observed depending on the treatment and the cluster position in all varieties. Significant changes with the treatment and no change with the cluster position were observed in phenolic compounds. Thus, in general, increased total carotenoid levels and reduced the content of phenolic compounds were observed. Considering the significance of changes in the levels of these groups of compounds it was concluded that ʽLazarinoʼ was more susceptible to water deficit, whereas ʽSummerbrixʼ and ʽPalamósʼ were more resistant. On the other hand, the organoleptic and functional quality changed with the variety.The authors want to thank the Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT) - Ecuador for its financial support and the Technical Staff of the Service of Biology (SGI, Universidad de Sevilla). AJMM acknowledges funding from the Spanish State Secretariat of Research, Development and Innovation (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, project ref. AGL2012-37610, co-funded by FEDER). ECC, DH, CMS and AJMM thank the Ibero-American Programme for Science, Technology and Development (CYTED, http://www.cyted.org) for the funding of the IBERCAROT network (http://carotenoides.us.es, ref. 112RT0445). AJMM acknowledges funding from Carotenoid Network: from microbial and plants to food and health (CaRed), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BIO2015-71703-REDT). Quality technological assistance from Ms. Ana Benítez is acknowledged.Peer reviewe

Study of commercial quality parameters, sugars, phenolics, carotenoids and plastids in different tomato varieties

10 páginas.-- 3 figuras.-- 2 tablas.-- 40 referenciasThe aim of this study was to assess commercial quality parameters, sugars, phenolics, carotenoids and plastid in diverse and little studied tomato varieties to gain insight into their commercial and functional quality and reveal possible noticeable differences. Five cherry tomato varieties and six common (i.e., non-cherry) tomatoes were evaluated. The highest levels of lycopene were detected in ‘Tigerella’ and ‘Byelsa’ and those of phytoene in ‘Orangeʾ those of phenolics in ‘Green Zebra’ all of them common tomatoes. The levels of sugars in both groups of tomatoes were comparable. Interesting differences in plastid carotenoid-accumulating sub-structures as a function of the carotenoid profile were observed. Given the importance of chromoplasts in the deposition of carotenoids in plants and their release during digestion, this information can be valuable in investigations on the regulation of the biosynthesis and the bioavailability of tomato carotenoidsThe authors want to thank the Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación ( SENESCYT ) – Ecuador for its financial support and the Technical Staff of the Service of Biology (SGI, Universidad de Sevilla). AJMM acknowledges funding from the Spanish State Secretariat of Research, Development and Innovation (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, project ref. AGL2012-37610, co-funded by FEDER ). ECC, DH, CMS and AJMM thank the Ibero-American Programme for Science, Technology and Development ( CYTED , http://www.cyted.org ) for the funding of the IBERCAROT network ( http://carotenoides.us.es , ref. 112RT0445). AJMM acknowledges funding from Carotenoid Network: from microbial and plants to food and health (CaRed), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BIO2015-71703-REDT). Quality technical assistance from Ms. Ana Benítez is acknowledged.Peer reviewe

Antioxidants (carotenoids and phenolics) profile of cherry tomatoes as influenced by deficit irrigation, ripening and cluster

15 páginas.-- 2 figuras.-- 3 tablas.-- 40 referenciasThe purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the effect of regulated deficit irrigation, cluster, developmental stages and two seasons (autumn 2015 and spring 2016) on the commercial and functional quality (carotenoids and plenolics levels) in ‘Lazarino’ and ‘Summerbrix’ tomatoes. Autumn had a positive effect on the commercial quality, with larger fruits (22% in ‘Summerbrix’; 26% in ‘Lazarino’) and higher soluble solids (16% in ‘Summerbrix’; 12% in ‘Lazarino’). Total carotenoids did not change significantly with irrigation and variety while total phenolics did with the cluster and season. In most cases, the main amounts of carotenoids and phenolic were found in the higher cluster and carotenoids in ripe fruit. Thus, irrigation of such varieties could be reduced drastically (ca. 80%) without affecting considerably the overall quality of their fruits (changes not greater than 30%).The authors want to thank the Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT) - Ecuador for its financial support and the technical staff of Biology Service (SGI, Universidad de Sevilla) for the services offered. AJMM acknowledges funding from the Spanish State Secretariat of Research, Development and Innovation (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, project ref. AGL2012-37610, co-funded by FEDER). ECC, DH, AMBG, CMS and AJMM thank the Ibero-American Programme for Science, Technology and Development (CYTED, http://www.cyted.org) for the funding of the IBERCAROT network (http://carotenoides.us.es.ref.112RT0445). AJMM acknowledges funding from the Carotenoid Network: from microbial and plants to food and health (CaRed), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BIO2015-71703-REDT).Peer reviewe

Screening for innovative sources of carotenoids and phenolic antioxidants among flowers

23 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 9 tablas.- 47 referencias.Flowers have been used for centuries in decoration and traditional medicine, and as components of dishes. In this study, carotenoids and phenolics from 125 flowers were determined by liquid chromatography (RRLC and UHPLC). After comparing four different extractants, the carotenoids were extracted with acetone: methanol (2:1), which led to a recovery of 83%. The phenolic compounds were extracted with 0.1% acidified methanol. The petals of the edible flowers Renealmia alpinia and Lantana camara showed the highest values of theoretical vitamin A activity expressed as retinol activity equivalents (RAE), i.e., 19.1 and 4.1 RAE/g fresh weight, respectively. The sample with the highest total phenolic contents was Punica granatum orange (146.7 mg/g dry weight). It was concluded that in most cases, flowers with high carotenoid contents did not contain high phenolic content and vice versa. The results of this study can help to develop innovative concepts and products for the industry. © 2021 by the authors.This research was funded by SENESCYT-Ecuador; the Corporación Ecuatoriana para el Desarrollo de la Investigación y Academia (CEDIA); the Spanish State Secretariat of Research,Development and Innovation (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, project ref. AGL2012-37610, co-funded by FEDER), E.C.-C., D.H., A.B., C.S.; the Ibero-American Programme for Science, Technology and Development (CYTED, http://www.cyted.org) for the funding of the IBERCAROT network (http://carotenoides.us.es/ref.112RT445); the Carotenoid Network: from microbial and plants to food and health (BIO2015-71703-REDT); and CaRed: Red española de carotenoides (BIO2017-90877-REDT), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.Peer reviewe

Yield response to regulated deficit irrigation of greenhouse cherry tomatoes

10 páginas.--6 figuras.-- 3 tablas.-- 49 referenciasAround the world, the tomato is considered the most important vegetable because of the extent of the cultivated area. In addition, it requires vast amounts of irrigation but little is known about the management of deficit irrigation. This study aims to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on development of crop and fruit quality for cherry tomatoes (ʽLazarinoʼ and ʽSummerbrixʼ). Two different cherry cultivars were used during two crop cycles (autumn and spring). RDI was scheduled with an initial period of no water stress and with a period of deficit from the beginning of the flowering, with a threshold of midday leaf water potential of around −1 MPa. It was found that the response to the irrigation treatment was affected by the season and even by the cluster considered. During the autumn cycle, there were no clear differences in yield despite water stress being mild but still significant. In the spring cycle, yield reduction peaked with different responses between cultivars. Water stress reduced fruit weight and fruit number per cluster in cv Summerbrix, producing a continuous decrease throughout the harvest period. In cv Lazarino, a yield reduction was detected only at the end of the harvest period and was related to the decrease in fruit weight and the number of inflorescence. The application of RDI reduced water by 85% and increased the content of soluble sugar, carotenoids and total phenols in both cultivars and cyclesthe funding received from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Before Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida) , project ref. AGL2012-37610 , co-funded by FEDER). ECC, DH, AMBG, CMS and AJMM thank the Ibero-American Programme for Science, Technology and Development (CYTED, http://www.cyted.org ) for the funding of the IBERCAROT network. AJMM acknowledges the funding received from the Carotenoid Network: from microbial and plants to food and health (CaRed), funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Before Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida) (BIO2015-71703-REDT). The authors wish to thank the Fitó Company for the seeds provided.Peer reviewe